ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the serum miR-663 levels in renal transplant patients with and without acute rejection (AR) and explore the role of miR-663 acute renal graft rejection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real time-PCR was used to determine serum miR-663 levels in renal transplant recipients with and without AR. MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC assay were employed to examine the viability and apoptosis of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) treated with a miR-663 mimic or a miR-663 inhibitor, and ELISA was performed to detect the expression of inflammation-related cytokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL-2 and TNF-α in the cells. Transwell assay was used to examine the effect of miR-663 mimic and miR-663 inhibitor on the chemotactic capability of macrophages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum miR-663 level was significantly higher in renal transplant recipients with AR than in those without AR. The miR-663 mimic significantly inhibited the viability of HRGECs and increase the cell apoptosis rate, while miR-663 inhibitor suppressed the cell apoptosis. The miR-663 mimic increased the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines and enhanced the chemotactic capability of macrophages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-663 might play important roles in acute renal graft rejection and may become a therapeutic target for treating AR.</p>